Privity of Contract free essay sample

The basic answer to this question is NO, as the following literature supports and explains this fact effectively. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates an obligation to do or not to do something. The parties to the contract are under an obligation to perform the terms and conditions as laid down in the contract. Thus a contract can confer rights or impose obligations arising under the contract on the parties to the contract. Third parties cannot be under such an obligation to perform or demand erformance under a contract. This is referred to as Privity of contract. The Doctrine of Privity of Contract under English Law The doctrine of Privity of Contract which means that a contract is a contract between the parties only and no stranger to the contract can sue even if the contract is avowedly made for his benefit. Thus a stranger to the consideration cannot sustain the action on the promise made between two persons unless he has in some way intervened in the agreement. We will write a custom essay sample on Privity of Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the plaintiff was to be married to the daughter of G and in consideration of this ntended marriage G and the plaintiffs father entered into a written agreement by which it was agreed that each would pay the plaintiff a sum of the money. G failed to do so and the plaintiff sued his executors. Thus, although the sole object of the contract was to secure a benefit to the plaintiff, he was not allowed to sue as the contract was made with his father and not with him The two basic principles under the English Law as can be ascertained from the above cases are that firstly consideration should move from the promisee only and secondly hat a contract cannot be enforced by a person who is not a party to the contract even if it is made for his benefit. The Doctrine in India There has been a divergence of opinion in India as to whether the Doctrine of Privity of Contract, which prevails in the English Courts, is applicable to the Indian Courts. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (here in after referred to as the Act) codifies the methods of entering into a contract, executing a contract; rules to implement provisions of a contract and effects of breach of a contract. The provisions of the Act revail over any usage or custom or trade however the same will be valid as long as it is not inconsistent with provisions of the Act. ny other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing, something , such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise It is clear from this section that the consideration for a contract can proceed from any person and not necessarily the parties to the contract. A promise is enforceable if there is some consideration for it and it is quite immaterial whether it moves from he promisee or any other person. However there is no specific provision in the Act which either for or against the Doctrine of Privity of Contact. It is through a series of case laws that the Doctrine has evolved. There are two aspects of this doctrine. Firstly, no one but the parties to the contract are entitled under it. Rights or benefits may be conferred upon a third party but such a third party can neither sue under the contract nor rely on defenses based on the contract. The second aspect is that the parties to a contract cannot impose liabilities on a third party. Conclusion The Act does not specifically provide for the doctrine of Privity of Contract, however through a series of case laws the doctrine is now applicable in India along with various exceptions. With reference to consideration of a contract the position in India and England are however different. Under the English law only a party to the contract can pay the consideration. If he doesnt pay the consideration he becomes a stranger to the contract. Under the Indian Law, it is not necessary that consideration should be paid by the promisee. Though there are no express provisions as to assignment of rights and obligations nder a contract in the Act, the Principle of assignment has been recognized and developed by the courts through its various decisions. A person may not give any consideration, but is a party to the contract may enforce the contract A stranger to a contract cannot sue : Suppose A and B enter into a contract for the benefit of C. The agreement between and A and B cannot be enforced by C. e. g. Two father entered into an agreement to pay a new couple money on their marriage. The couple cannot sue for enforcement of the contract between the fathers.

The Attraction of Skinheads essays

The Attraction of Skinheads essays In American History X the skinheads gather around an older man Cameron Alexander, a white power writer and recruiter of youthful neo-Nazis. His rhetoric of race reduces all the social problems in America to one thing-minorities. The trouble is, complex social problems never have one single underylying cause to be addressed, but the skinheads lack education and dont understand that minorities are being used as scapegoats. Cameron exploits kids who dont know what to do with themselves or their lives, who dont know what to think, or how to think. They fall for his story-like most of the German people fell for Adolph Hitlers in the 1930s. Hitler made the Jews a scapegoat, while the Skinheads blame anybody who isnt white and protestant. Of course, there is more to it. The film shows the Skinheads acting like terrorists; that is, they are disempowered people, young adults who think they are fighting for a cause and doing something good for themselves and society. They are full of rage about their lives, and minorities make a handy target against which to channel their rage. Also, a neo-Nazi gang is like any gang-the gang supplies a place to belong and fit in, a place to be part of some bigger purpose. Gangs are a response to social conditions, and gang members are not necessarily evil but they are impressionable. In the movie, almost all of them were adolescent males. I think they are looking for role models-someone to show them how to be real men. Unfortunately, Cameron is personable, well-spoken, and fatherly. He sets the wrong example for them, but the skinheads see him as someone to be like, someone who can show them what it means to be a man. When marginalized people feel powerless to address the inequities of society, they form gangs. They hope to achieve power in numbers. They are often hated by society, but experience love and loyalty in the gang&a...

JavaFX Controls and ComboBox

JavaFX Controls and ComboBox The ComboBox class creates a control that allows the user to select an option from a drop-down list of options. The drop-down list appears when the user clicks on the ComboBox control. When the number of options exceeds the size of the drop-down window, the user can scroll down to further options. This differs from the ChoiceBox which is primarily used when the number of choices is a relatively small set. Import Statement javafx.scene.control.ComboBox Constructors The ComboBox class has two constructors depending on whether you want to create an empty ComboBox object or one populated with items. To Create an Empty ComboBoxComboBox fruit new ComboBox(); To create a ComboBox object and populate it with String items from an ObservableList ObservableList fruits FXCollections.observableArrayList( Apple, Banana, Pear, Strawberry, Peach, Orange, Plum);ComboBox fruit new ComboBox(fruits); Useful Methods If you create an empty ComboBox object you can use the setItems method. Passing an ObservableList of objects will set the items in the Combobox. ObservableList fruits FXCollections.observableArrayList( Apple, Banana, Pear, Strawberry, Peach, Orange, Plum);fruit.setItems(fruits); If you want to add items to the ComboBox list later on you can use the  addAll method of the getItems method. This will append the items to the end of the options list: fruit.getItems().addAll(Melon, Cherry, Blackberry); To add an option to a particular place in the ComboBox option list use the add method of the getItems method. This method takes an index value and the value you wish to add: fruit.getItems().add(1, Lemon); Note: The index values of the ComboBox start at 0. For example, the above value of Lemon above will be inserted into the ComboBox option list at position 2 as the index passed is 1. To pre-select an option in the ComboBox options list, use the setValue method: fruit.setValue(Cherry); If the value passed to the setValue method is not on the list, then the value will still be selected. However, it does not mean this value has been added to the list. If the user subsequently picks another value then the initial value will no longer be in the list to be selected. To get the value of the currently selected item in the ComboBox, use the getItems method: String selected fruit.getValue().toString(); Usage Tips The number of options normally presented by the ComboBox dropdown list is ten (unless there are less than ten items in which case it defaults to the number of items). This number can be changed by using the setVisibleRowCount method: fruit.setVisibleRowCount(25); Again, if the number of items in the list is less than the value set in the setVisibleRowCount method the ComboBox will default to displaying the number of items in the ComboBox dropdown. Handling Events To track the selection of items on a ComboBox object you can use the addListener method of the selectedItemProperty method of the SelectionModel to create a ChangeListener It will pick up the change events for the ComboBox: final Label selectionLabel new Label();fruit.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener( new ChangeListener() { public void changed(ObservableValue ov, String old_val, String new_val) { selectionLabel.setText(new_val); }});

My Political Socialisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Political Socialisation - Essay Example My father reads political news from newspapers and political magazines as well as watching a lot of news and political discussions online. Views were weak but as I have developed the knack for politics and have surrounded myself with political friends including my father, I have found that my views are changing from being weak to strong. I cannot really confess to being that strong but I am not weak either. On the issue of voting, however, I am fairly strong enough in political affairs to change and be sure to make the correct voting decision based on my political analysis of the candidates. I have engaged in a few political activities and one peaceful political demonstration. I am however yet to identify a good political organization to become its member but it is on my agenda and will soon happen. These political activities have been influenced by my friends and my father. The political demonstration was my friends’ idea and influence which my parents did not agree to, howev er on the other political activities, my father has pushed and encouraged me and some even joining me to carry them out. Lucky for me, I have interest in politics even though they did not develop that long ago. What however impeded their quick development was the lack of political interest my mother and older siblings had and I spent a lot of time with them more than with my father because of his work. However, when he reduced his work travels and was home more often, I found my political niche slowly shifting.

Last poem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Last poem - Term Paper Example This poem displays many of the attitudes that are found in a Confucian approach to life, and it can be read on a literal level, as a lament on the trials of life for a person who is poor, or on a figurative level, as a lament on the lack of success he has had in his professional life. One of his translator’s Burton Watson simply calls Tu Fu â€Å"the eliciter of superlatives!† (p. xi) and explains that Tu Fu came from an illustrious family which included the famous Du Yu (222-284) who was a commentator on the works of Confucius, and Tu Fu’s grandfather Du Shenyan (died in 708) who was â€Å"an official in the Tang bureaucracy and one of the outstanding poets of hi time. (p. xii). It seems that being in the Tang civil service and having an interest in Confucian thought and poetry writing was a family tradition,then, because this is the same path that Tu Fu followed in his own life. Over the years Tu Fu has been recognized as one of China’s greatest poets, and Young explains that this view is â€Å"partly based on admiration for his technical brilliance, a fluent mastery of traditional forms combined with an originality that gives rise to an apparently effortless innovation† (p. 77). ... The innovation, however, is that the elements are merged with the very realistic description of actual events. In stylistic terms, critics note that he was able to use a large range of different styles and techniques, and one consistent feature is often mentioned: â€Å"One other characteristic of Du Fu’s poetry merits particular notice, since in helps to explain the perennial appeal of his work -; his realism.† (Watson, p. xix) The description of the pieces of thatch is very realistic, so that the reader can visualize how they form â€Å"whirls† (line 4) in the swirling gusts of wind, and how they get caught in the trees, (line 9) which is a strange place for thatch to be, showing how disruptive the wind is on this occasion. The thatch is caught up high, or down low in the puddles, (line 11) and this vivid description causes the reader to reflect on the damaged house and its inhabitants which are caught in the middle. Tu Fu uses the qualities of objects in the w orld to illuminate and make real the images of the poem for example the clouds are compared to ink, (line 23) and the cotton quilts, which are supposed to be soft and warm, are compared to iron (line 27). These images make the reader vividly feel the emotions and sensations that the writer feels. Tu Fu appears not to have been a very accomplished bureaucrat, and his many travels indicate that he fell out with important people and was forced to end his life in relative poverty. The poem shows that old age and poverty make the poet powerless against the forces of the wind, but also when he tries to shout at the children who take away the escaped portions of thatch, he finds he has no voice. The poem shows

Harry S. Truman Essay Example for Free

Harry S. Truman Essay Harry Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884. He was the eldest of three children born to John Anderson Truman, a farmer, and livestock dealer, and Martha Young Truman. To avoid disagreement as to whether the boy’s middle name should b Shippe (for his maternal grandfather), his parents gave him only the initial â€Å"S. † Truman graduated from high school in Independence, Missouri, in 1901 and worked at various clerical jobs in Kansas City until he was 22. For the next 11 years, he operated the family’s 600-acre (240-hectare) farm at Grandview, Missouri. The purpose of this study is to describe the background, personality, character, and integrity of Harry S Truman and know some of the crucial decisions that Truman was forced to make during his seven and three-quarter years as president (Ryan, 1999). II. Background A. World War I and After When the United States entered World War I, Truman’s National Guard regiment was ordered into active service. He was sent to France in 1918, becoming captain of an artillery battery. He commanded the battery through the heavy fighting of the Vosges Mountains, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne offensives. When discharged in May, 1919, Truman was made a major in the service. Eight weeks later, Truman married Elizabeth Wallace, of Independence. He had known â€Å"Bess† Wallace since childhood. Meanwhile, in partnership with an army friend, Truman invested his savings in a Kansas City men’s apparel store. The business failed in 1922, a casualty of the postwar depression. Truman refused to declare bankruptcy, however, and spent more than a decade repaying all his debts (Gardner, 2002). B. Truman Enters Politics His business gone, Truman turned to politics, being helped by his friendship with the brother of Kansa City political boss Tom Pendergast. In 1922, he was elected one of the three judges of the Jackson County Court. This position was an administrative rather than a judicial one, with duties corresponding to those of a country commissioner or supervisor in other states. While in this post, Truman also studied law at night at Kansas City Law School. In 1924, Truman was defeated in his bid for reelection, but in 1926 he was elected presiding judge. He conducted his office with such honesty that his integrity could not be questioned. In 1934, Truman was elected to the U. S. Senate. Generally, he supported Roosevelt’s New Deal programs. World War II began during his second term, and Truman became a national figure as chairman of the Special Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program, 1941-44. He estimated that 15 billion dollars was saved through the committee’s recommendations. II. Discussion Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States. After only 82 days as Vice President, he succeeded to the Presidency on the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945. Despite having had little preparation for the office, Truman proved to be a strong and forceful President. He led the country to victory in the Final phases of World War II and through the critical postwar reconstruction period, and he set the course for United States policy in the cold war. During his presidency made a number of crucial decisions that were both controversial and historically significant. In seeking to shorten World War II, he authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan. After the war his administration created the Marshall Plan in a successful effort to prevent the economic collapse of Europe; his administration also was responsible for the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Levantrosser, 2003). When North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, Truman sent United States troops to halt the aggression. His efforts to gain congressional approval for his domestic legislative program (the Fair Deal), however, were generally not successful. Truman was a skilled and fiercely partisan politician who had worked himself up through the ranks of Democratic politics in Missouri. He was a controversial figure throughout his public career. During his years in the White House, Truman was called impulsive, obstinate, and tactless by his critics; courageous, self-confident, and forthright by his admirers (Levantrosser, 2003). IV. Conclusion In conclusion, as president of the United States, I will give him a rate of 8 out of 10. Though President Harry S. Truman had weaknesses as other presidents also have, yet he showed his sincerity as a public figure by serving the people wholeheartedly. Though there ware many criticisms against him yet it did not stop him to stand and do what was right for the welfare of the many. 1. Gardner, Michael R. (2002). Harry Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale, IL. 2. Levantrosser, William F. (2003). Harry S. Truman: The Man from Independence. Greenwood Press. New York. 3. Ryan, Halford R. (1999). Harry S. Truman: Presidential Rhetoric. Greenwood Press. Westport, CT.

History of Paintball :: essays research papers

>>>>>>>>>>>>Some Parts are made up Paintball is quite a new sport and is becoming more and more popular. It has been around since 1982, but professional paintball teams have just recently come together in 2002. The rules of paintball are not very complicated and are very concise. The game is very entertaining to play. There are also plenty of different types of products used to play the game. It is the one of the only sports that I am interested in and I hope that someday it could become a more popular sport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first known paintball gun or â€Å"marker† was made by John Barker in 1982. At the time he had a job designing air guns for Daisy Inc. The gun that he made was a single shot pump gun; he called it the â€Å"splatmatic†. Daisy did not want to market his gun so he started a small company with some of his friends and called it Splat Markers. The company was soon a success and in 1986 he changed the name to JT Products. Now JT Products is one of the largest paintball companies in the world, producing practically everything needed and used in the game of paintball. They have also made the NPA (National Paintball Association). This was created in 2002 and has many different teams that are sponsored by a variety of companies. Paintball has come a long way since the creation of the splatmatic and is now a very popular and sport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paintball is not just a group of people shooting each other with paintball markers; the sport involves a few simple rules. These rules are from the NPA and are the most commonly used. All paintballs that break on the body count as an elimination and that player is out. Any player within ten feet has the option of surrender and has 3 seconds to do so, any movement from that player and his â€Å"chance† is over. All markers must be chronographed at fewer than 300 fps. A hit from a teammate does not count as an elimination. The paintball must pop on a player to count as an elimination. Any player hit with a ball must call out â€Å"HIT† and raise his or her gun in the air and walk off of the playing field. All players must stay in the designated boundaries or they will be counted as out. Barrel plugs must be used at all times when not on the playing field.

Mcdonaldization and bureaucracy

With the changing state of the society, the concepts of Mcdonaldization and bureaucracy continue to become fundamental. The question of the rationality in their application within the organizations however remains a point of debate. Bureaucracy can be defined as the structural concept and the nature of regulations which are put to provide a control measure into the activities of organization or even the government structures. Their basic comes inform of standard procedure, various structures in the formulating or undertaking responsibilities, the nature of hierarchies within such of organization above the set of the personal relationship within such organizations. This is a sociological concept that seeks to define the inputs of the administration within these organizations in executing their roles and the impacts of enforcing the various rules. An authentic definition of bureaucracy is however to take the form of four structures. These are labor division by the administration, an adequate system of personnel, a layout of organization hierarchy and the network system connecting the organization activities Mcdonaldization is a work defining formula whose root schedule lies in three principles. Control, uniformity and efficiency. Across the globe, the two concepts are however deeply used in organization. In the context of their application, a rational sociologist is left to wonder the logics behind their rationality. At one place, we can argue of the positive implication in the application of the two principles. On the other hand, we can argue of the same as compromising humanity. Due to the diversity in the understanding of these principles, the argumentation in this paper will be basically limited to the benefits of their structures. At the work place is a set of activities, structures, processes and personnel’s for performing different activities. A solid subject of these entire variables brings up the organizational behaviour. Consequently, the aspect of organizational behaviour plays an intrinsic role in formulating the nature of achievement of the organizations goals. For an adequate functional therapy of the workers in performance of their roles, the management should formulate some specific motivational parameters. However, motivation is synonymous to the nature of management. Through adequate tool of management, the employees are subject to motivation. However, poor management structure is harmful to the good of the organization’s workers. (Peters, 2001, p. 79) The above two concepts provide a package of motivational incentives to the workers. From one point of the argument, they can be described as benchmarks for a promoted interpersonal relationship between the workers.   Upright organizational behaviour is the chief contributor towards the success of the organization. Their provision gives an incentive into the interpersonal phenomena between the workers. For both of them, their applications provide efficiency in the workers performance of their activities. Efficiency is the most fundamental basics for ensuring optimality and economical application into the organizations activity.   With optimal characteristics, the organization gets its activities done in the most economical manner in the lowest cost level to yield the greatest benefits. Efficiency safeguards the organizations process into threats of poor performance. With this virtue, the aim of achieving the organizations goals and objectives is never ridiculous but falls within frontiers of success. In its nature, it will involve the perpetuation of the variable of control. The diversity of the organizations activities requires an outlay of control. Control is where the activities and process are subject to be monitored so that their execution compliments the basic laid down requirements and within the framework of the institution structures. The exercise of the concepts provided a solid impression for promoting control in the activities and process within the organizations. With the positive organizational behaviour, the structures within the organization are safeguarded. Every activity by the workers gives an impression of a  Ã‚   positive interpersonal-hood, cohesiveness and harmony between them and the structures. In exercise of the control principle within the organization, the two methods of managerial leadership help to ensure the control/monitor the interpersonal differences that may exist between the different persons. Sound organizational behaviour is important for every aspect of communication. As a rule, communication plays a remarkably important role in the performance of the organizations activities. In the nature of the transactional outlay involved at the work place, a passive or active system of communication should never be compromised. (Peters, 2001, p. 84) With the controlled nature into the activities of the organization, this is the foremost launching pad for its success in terms of achieving its goals and objectives. Consequently McDonaldization and bureaucracy show the nature of the organizational leadership parameters. Since the organization is endowned by a subject of goals and objectives with the aspects of minimal resource packages, a good model of leadership is basic for providing their achievement. As the model of such leadership continues in been intensified, the characteristic hood of the above two forms logical framework for the involved success into the organization. Both the two systems are methods providing a support for some positive regard to the organization structure.   They stress on solid methods that provide a support for an adequate system of governance. They both provide a basic imagery into the guiding factors that seek to enhance a structural framework in the association and relationship between person, activities and processes. This is the first attribute towards providing understanding and agreement between such organizational blocks before minimizing conflict. The essence and subject of conflict can be said to be the biggest threat and enemy to the  Ã‚   organization. This is however a subject result of the conflict theory which acts to provide an interactive manner between the persons and structures in the organization. With the various roles and diversity in the activities and elements in the organization, the above two principle comes as a remedy to the possible consequences of conflict. Though a well-structured system of activity by the parties into this organization, conflict is evaluated and done with. This is an important tool towards achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. As a conclusion therefore, the concepts of bureaucracy and MacDonaldization comes as a remedy into the weaknesses of an organization. Through the application of these concepts, the organization character/nature is brought out as radically of a positive image into the success factor. At one level, the concepts seek to provide harmony and cohesiveness into the different persons within the organization, with an adequate layout of the process, roles and activities, and the persons to perform them, the internal environment is given an impression of promoted activity. Either, they aim at providing an adequate support into the optimal allocation of resources. This is through the adequate and planned nature of the organization. Both of the concepts are important in providing a solid support into the organizational activity. Work cited Peter, B. The politics of Bureaucracy, London: Routledge, 2001      

American Dreamer Essay

Bharati Mukherjee’s essay about an â€Å"American Dreamer† was brought across with a strong positive point which I agreed with for the most part. After reading over her essay numerous times I finally got a hold of what she was trying to get across to the reader. On one hand she explains that she admires the bill of rights and what our nation was founded upon. I think a lot of people would agree with this considering how far our nation has got with it, but then again you have those who oppose. On the other hand she expresses how she feels about being called Indian-American. The way she conveys her opinion about it makes me want to agree with her more. Her writing is very persuasive and I have to say I not only agree with her because opinion, but for the reason that if I were to go to another country, and have to work as hard as she did to become a legalized citizen. Another thing were on the same page on is having to put a hyphenated status even after becoming a fully legalized citizen. Mukherhee comparison of her culture to the United States was interesting to me. I have never seen a person express how much they value their cultures strict laws and regulations. This makes me think about how I take advantage of all the great things my country has to offer. She described her culture clearly and one of the things that lingered in my head was that the parents chose who you married. This made me grateful of the many freedoms I have in my country also. America has a lot to offer but the main reason people migrate to United States is because of the freedom. I can understand why they decide to come here, but I have always wondered why you don’t see Americans migrating to other countries as much. There are many reasons they don’t go and I comprehend them, but if there was freedom in those countries I question would it be different. Over the past twenty-five years twenty million people have migrated to the United States from other countries. That is a vast amount and it makes me speculate if that amount continues to increase will we be overpopulated in the years to come. I think America should start limit the amount of people that desire to become Americans, and start to clean out the immigrants who have decided to not be responsible and become legal citizens. I am not saying this to be racist or defrading, but I am stating this because people who come to America illegally take a lot of what our great country has to offer and use it like it was in there possession already. For example I have head of many illegal immigrants that come to America and obtain free medical care and welfare checks that our taxes pay for. All I inquire is that they become legal and not take what our great country has to offer and take advantage of it. That is my personal view of the subject though I found myself having almost the same view point as Mukherjee. This issue about any hyphenated status as an American is a controversial one, but Bharati Mukherjee has a point and it needs to be heard. After working hard to become a legal citizen you shouldn’t have to hyphenate racial status. Although some might object and have a total diverse opinion I would reply with a simple suggestion to read this short essay, because it had a positive effect on me and I hope it will have the same on you.

Non-Hyphenation Is a Nonstarter

Non-Hyphenation Is a Nonstarter Non-Hyphenation Is a Nonstarter Non-Hyphenation Is a Nonstarter By Mark Nichol A friend of mine recently posted online a humorous observation to the effect that it’s ironic that non-hyphenation is hyphenated. In true word-nerd fashion, I figuratively cleared my throat and pushed my taped-together black horn-rimmed glasses up my nose before offering the deflating response that nonhyphenation does not in fact have a hyphen. (What are friends for?) My friend’s misapprehension is a common one. Hyphenation in prefixed words remains rampant in writing ranging from social media posts to scholarly journals, though style manuals have more or less long advocated minimizing their use. Why, then, the persistence of non-profit, multi-billion (as in â€Å"multi-billion dollar budget,† which errs also in lacking a hyphen before dollar), pre-approved, post-modern, and the like? First, some history: The hyphen began as an arc-shaped symbol called the enotikon, which was marked underneath letters in Greek script to denote a connection between two words. (The Greek term means â€Å"uniter.†) During the Middle Ages, a straight line with a similar role was adopted in Latin, and Gutenberg raised the symbol to the middle of the line of text, and furthermore adopted an angled double line resembling an equal sign at the end of a line, borrowing from writing of Latin script, when insufficient room remained to set an entire word with uniformly sized metal type, allowing him to break words to fit where necessary. (Many proofreaders who proof on paper still use an equal sign to denote a hyphen; the rationale for retaining the double line when marking proofs is that it is less likely than a single line to be missed or to be mistaken for an accidental mark.) The trend in English is to phase out hyphenation when terms become more familiar. British English has also historically been more conservative than American English about retaining hyphens not only in prefixed words but also in compound nouns, as in dining-room or shop-keeper, which are now in both forms of English open and closed, respectively; many such constructions were purged from the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary only in the last decade. Meanwhile, style guides strive to minimize inconsistency, but individual or regional preference and specialized occupational usage may resist progress. However, the most significant factor in the persistence of hyphens in prefixed words and in compounds may be that most people, including many professional writers, do not check dictionaries or style guides to verify or correct their assumptions, often relying on what they learned from (sometimes misinformed) teachers or from published resources- sometimes decades ago, before the hyphen became an endangered species in compounds and prefixed words. To recap (not re-cap): Hyphens in such constructions are the exception, not the rule. (They do have valid applications, as many DailyWritingTips.com posts discuss; search the site for â€Å"hyphen† or â€Å"hyphenation† for examples.) If you are inclined to hyphenate a prefixed word or a compound word, double-check a dictionary or a style guide for prevailing style before you commit yourself. There’s no hyphen, and thus no irony, in nonhyphenated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientItalicizing Foreign Words"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?

How To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts In One Tool

How To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts In One Tool Wouldnt life be a whole lot easier if you could just manage multiple social media accounts in one place? Imagine removing the hassle of logging in and out of every social network and profile, remembering how often to post to each network and when (and if you did or didnt), and setting reminders to write, approve, and post social messages without a defined process. Your imagination is probably filling up with rides on unicorns over rainbow bridges at the sheer thought that managing multiple social media accounts doesnt have to be an organizational nightmare. But its true- your dream of getting organized can become a reality. And you dont need a  unicorn (as cool as that would be).  So today, lets take a look at how to manage all of your social media in one place. How To Manage Multiple #SocialMedia Accounts The Easy WayConsider this a step-by-step guide to: Organize your social media management to help you share faster than ever Create one clear version of the truth for all of your social media accounts and messages Plan all social media in one place to finally keep your sanity with social media while you manage everything else Lets do this. 1. Gather All Of Your Profiles Into One Social Media Accounts List Chances are, you have a handful of profiles on a bunch of different social networks. And to boot, some of these social media accounts are your companys profiles, while others are your  personal professional profiles. The first step to manage all of your accounts easily is to create a master social media accounts list that you can later enter into the tool where youll manage all of your social media in one place. How To Manage Multiple #SocialMedia Accounts The Easy WayAt this point, youre not looking for anything fancy- use a napkin, spreadsheet, or Google Doc to simply list out every one of your business social profiles. Make a list of  your companys: Twitter handles Facebook page Facebook groups LinkedIn company profile Google+ page Pinterest profile Next, create a social media accounts list for your personal profiles where youll share your companys information. Write a list of your #socialmedia accounts. Then find the tool to post to all of them.Personal professional profiles are often on LinkedIn and Twitter where youve built relationships with your followers to share your companys content- along with industry niche content. Again, make a list of  your personal accounts across your networks: Twitter handles Facebook profile Facebook group LinkedIn profile Tumblr blog Pinterest profile Easy, right!? Your next step is to find the  app that supports  your social  media accounts to help you manage all of them in one place. Takeaway: Build a comprehensive list of all of your social media accounts. Make one column for your business profiles and another for your personal professional profiles to which youd like to maintain private access  (so your team cant post to your profiles). Recommended Reading: How To Improve Your Social Media Management In 30 Days 2. Create A Checklist To Find Your App To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts At this point, youre pulling together a checklist of requirements to help you choose the tool that will work best for your unique needs. Here are a few requirements to kick off  your checklist  as you search for your app: Manage All Social Media In One Place Use the  list of social media accounts you just created to help you find a tool that supports those networks. The goal here is to find a tool thatll eliminate the hassle of logging in and out of social networks and profiles. For example, if you use Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest to reach your audience, find a tool that will help you  post  to those social networks. Separate Your Business Accounts List From Your Personal Accounts It makes sense to share access to your business social media accounts with the rest of your team. But you probably want to keep your personal profiles private while still getting the benefits of bonus traffic from those accounts. Find a tool that helps you keep your privacy- so only you can post to your personal profiles- while giving  the right team members access to your companys accounts. That will help you stay organized by managing all of your social media accounts in one tool while avoiding any *surprises* on your personal profiles. Get and stay organized with a social media project management tool like . #bloggingKeep Your Team Accountable With Historical  Logs Know exactly who  posted what,  when they posted it, and which accounts they posted to. A historical  log to help you see changes, edits, and what was eventually posted will help you  keep the team accountable for reaching deadlines while keeping you organized. Get Organized With  A Social Account  Workflow Chance are, your campaigns run on  multiple social media accounts. Find a system that helps you define a workflow to make your content creation and approval process painless while also helping you and your team stay organized. Manage everything in one app rather than doing it in a few.This way, you can manage everything in one app  rather than  maintaining a separate project management tool. If youre creating a social media campaign, youll need some help from your team to write social messages, design awesome social media images, schedule your  messages, and approve your campaign. A workflow built into your tool- right where you create your social media content- will help you stay super organized with the entire process. Recommended Reading: How To Quadruple Your Traffic With A Social Media Editorial Calendar Customize Roles For Different Team Members To View Social Messages Sometimes, its nice to help certain people in your company see social messages but not let them edit your hard work. Have a plan to keep  those nit-pickers out of your social media messages  by letting them just see whats going on without letting them change your  projects. Features like this help with approval processes for those folks in your company who just want to see everything going out. Recommended Reading:   How To Assemble A Content Marketing Team For Your Blog How To Create The Best Content Ever With Your Cross-Functional Team See All Messages For Every Account On One Social Dashboard A great tool will help you plan the messages  youll share to each social media account before your  content publishes. Imagine creating an entire social media posting schedule for a blog post or landing page a week before your content is set to launch. Youd avoid  the last-minute promotion frenzy, strategically plan your social messages, and get super organized. Find a tool that allows you to see all your messages on one social dashboard.Find a tool where you can see all of your messages for your own content- and curated content- on one social dashboard. For example, social media editorial calendars serve as a perfect  way to see every message youre planning for every single account- including  messages that are already published and those that you will share in the future. This type of social dashboard is handy because you can visually see the times, days, networks, and specific accounts in an at-a-glance view. Takeaway:  Use these requirements as a starting point, then define a complete list of features youd like your social media account manager tool to have. Create a checklist of your requirements  to help you find the app that is the right fit for you. 3. Commit To Managing All Social Media In One Place Since youre looking for a solution to manage multiple social media accounts in one place, Ill fill you in on a little secret: can help you do just that. is a content and social media editorial calendar that combines blogging, content marketing, social media, and project management all into a single tool. Its perfect for managing all of your social media in one place- and will help you get super organized. Lets explore how to use  Ã‚  to remove the time-sucking hassle of managing multiple social media accounts: Manage  Every Profile From Your Social Media Accounts List Integrate the accounts on your list into . Simply log in to your social networks, then connect each of your accounts with a couple simple clicks: From here, youll have a complete list of your social media accounts all in one place. Now all you need to do is check which accounts youd like to remain private so only you have access to share content to those accounts: So now you have one list of social media accounts you manage, yet they are separated into public and personal profiles: Whats cool is that  the rest of your team can also have personal profiles that only they see, too. That means all of you  get the benefits of privacy and still get lots of traffic from employee advocacy. Win-win! Organize Your Social Media Content Creation And Approval Process Chances are, if youre focusing on social media, youre also creating awesome content. So why not plan to share to your social media accounts in the  workflow youre  already using? For example, on a  blog post like the one youre reading right now, youd probably like to share to multiple social media accounts. So create the blog post first, then collaborate with your  team to plan how youll share the content on social media. You can now organize your social media content creation and approval process.This is what your  workflow might look like in : Now  simply follow the workflow step by step.  And when your team has questions  or progress updates along the way, they can check off their tasks and use comments to fill you in. Start by  writing  your messages in using social helpers: Then schedule your social messages for every account using the social queue.  Since you wrote your messages in social helpers, you dont need to copy and paste, but instead, simply write the tag into new messages to easily reuse what youve already written: And finally, add in images and graphics into your social messages with the image selector: Now you have a social dashboard  view of all the messages scheduled on  all of your social media accounts for a single campaign- complete with days and previews, and  best time scheduling so you will get the most engagement possible for your content: If Your Social Media  Approval Process  Gets Advanced If your workflow requires some higher-ups to see your content for approval (but lets just say you dont want them to edit your hard work), you can let them see your progress with custom roles. Just  build a custom role in , then add them to your team and assign them that role: You can also  keep everyone accountable (and keep those big wigs happy) by knowing exactly who did what, when they did it, and to which social media accounts they sent messages with security and access logs: Use One Social Dashboard To See  Messages For Every Social Media Account At this point, you have a full list of all of the messages for every social media account for a single campaign. Thats a terrific view to understand how youre sharing a specific blog post- or any piece of content, really. What if there was one social dashboard that let you see all your social media accounts? When you step out of the view of working on just one piece, however, its natural to want to see every message youll send to every one of your social media accounts. So what better way is there to do that than with a calendar that shows you the specific date and time your messages will send? At this point, you can see when certain days have more social messages scheduled than others- and to which accounts- so you can easily drag and drop messages from any account from one day to another. That will help you avoid bombarding your followers with too many messages while consistently connecting with them to get the most engagement. Use Your App As Your Personal Social Media Organizer Whatever tool you choose as the app to manage your multiple social media accounts, make sure it helps you eliminate  the  tediousness of using multiple tools to complete the work that one could really help you do. Think of your app as your very own personal social media manager.Heres another way to think about this: You could manage your social media accounts with multiple tools, but consolidating and automating at least some parts of your process will help you get organized, stress a whole lot less, and save a ton of time. And if seems like a great place to get started to manage your social media accounts, take advantage of the 14-day free trial to get your feet wet. I promise you, its the tool Id  use if I were in your sopping  shoes. :) (I know sorry about the lame jokes.)

Discussion Board 2-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 2-2 - Essay Example Following state and federal laws as well as professional codes of ethics assist assessors and test-taker in solidifying credibility of their psychological tests and assessments. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturnam (2013) elucidate that the laws and codes of ethic act as basic standards that assessors and test-takers should rely on to produce inadmissible test and assessment results. Following state and federal laws and professional codes of ethics guides in observing client’s rights, which foster may work to encourage more disclosure about problems faced. Following laws and professional codes of ethics assist assessors and test-takers ensure mental, emotional and physical safety of all parties involved in a given psychological test or assessment. The laws and codes of ethics usually clarify the extents to which assessors may go in interrogating clients (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturnam, 2013). The limits are usually such that there is maximum observation of client’s independence and safety. Furthermore, following established laws and professional codes of ethics can work out as defence for assessors in case they are to face false incrimination or accusations as regards conducted psychological tests or